Fonts Names, Font Descriptors, System Fonts, Text Formatting, Borders, Relief Styles In Python

Table of Contents

Fonts Names, Font Descriptors, System Fonts, Text formatting, Borders, Relief Styles in Python

Fonts

All widgets provide reasonable default values.
Fonts are usually specified using the font widget option.
Tkinter supports a number of different font descriptor types:

Font descriptors
User-defined font names
System fonts
X font descriptors

Font Descriptors

Tkinter supports platform independent font descriptors.
A font can be specified as tuple containing a family name, a height in points, and optionally a string with one or more styles.

Example

("Times",12 , "bold")
("Helvetica", 12, "bold italic")
("Verdana", 10)

To get the default size and style, you can give the font name as a single string.
If the family name doesn’t include spaces, you can also add size and styles to the string itself:

"Times 12 bold"
"Helvetica 12 bold italic"
"Symbol 10"

Here are some families available on most Windows platforms:

Arial (corresponds to Helvetica), Courier New (Courier), Comic Sans MS, Fixedsys, MS Sans Serif, MS Serif, Symbol, System, Times New Roman (Times), and Verdana.
The available styles are normal, bold, roman, italic, underline, and overstrike.
Tk 8.0 automatically maps Courier, Helvetica, and Times to their corresponding native family names on all platforms.

Font Names

The tkFont module provides a Font class which allows you to create font instances.
Such instance can be used everywhere for Tkinter accepts a font specifier.
Font instance is also used to get font metrics, including the size occupied by a given string written in that font.

tkFont.Font(family="Times", size=12, weight=tkFont.BOLD)
tkFont.Font(family="Helvetica", size=12, weight=tkFont.BOLD,
            slant=tkFont.ITALIC)
tkFont.Font(family="Symbol", size=10)

If you modify a named font using the config method, the changes are automatically propagated to all widgets using the font.
The Font constructor supports the following style options (note that the constants are defined in the tkFont module):

Font Style	Description
family	Font family
size	Font size in points. To give the size in pixels, use a negative value.
weight	Font thickness. Use one of NORMAL or BOLD. Default is NORMAL.
slant	Font slant. Use one of NORMAL or ITALIC. Default is NORMAL.
underline	Font underlining. If 1 (true), the font is underlined. Default is 0 (false).
overstrike	Font strikeout. If 1 (true), a line is drawn over text written with this font. Default is 0 (false).

System Fonts

Tk also supports system specific font names.
Under Windows, these include ansi, ansifixed, device, oemfixed, system, and systemfixed.
On the Macintosh, the system font names are application and system.

Note :
System fonts are full font names, not family names, and they cannot be combined with size or style attributes.

Text Formatting

While text labels and buttons usually contain a single line of text, Tkinter also supports multiple lines. To split the text across lines, simply insert newline characters (n) where necessary.
By default, the lines are centered. You can change this by setting the justify option to LEFT or RIGHT. The default value is CENTER.
You can also use the wraplength option to set a maximum width, and let the widget wrap the text over multiple lines all by itself.
Tkinter attempts to wrap on whitespace, but if the widget is too narrow, it may break individual words across lines.

Example:

"""
Author : ITVoyagers (itvoyagers.in)

Date :17th March 2020

Description : Program to show use of font in python
"""
from tkinter import *
parent = Tk()
Label(parent, text="Pink Text in Times Font",fg = "pink",bg = "dark green",font = "Times").pack()
Label(parent, text="Purple Text in Helvetica Font",fg = "purple",bg = "pink",font = "Helvetica 16 bold italic").pack()
Label(parent,text="Blue Text in Verdana bold",fg = "blue",bg = "yellow",font = "Verdana 10 bold").pack()

OUTPUT

Borders

All Tkinter widgets have a border (though it’s not visible by default for some widgets).
The border consists of an optional 3D relief, and a focus highlight region.

Relief

The relief settings control how to draw the widget border:

borderwidth (or bd): This is the width of the border, in pixels. Most widgets have a default borderwidth of one or two pixels. There’s hardly any reason to make the border wider than that. relief
This option controls how to draw the 3D border. It can be set to one of SUNKEN, RAISED, GROOVE, RIDGE, FLAT and SOLID.

Example:

"""
Author : ITVoyagers (itvoyagers.in)

Date :17th March 2020

Description : Program to show use of relief styles.
"""
from tkinter import *
itv =Tk()
Button(itv,text="Relief Style:Flat",relief=FLAT).pack()
Button(itv,text="Relief Style:RAISED",relief=RAISED).pack()
Button(itv,text="Relief Style:SUNKEN",relief=SUNKEN).pack()
Button(itv,text="Relief Style:GROOVE",relief=GROOVE).pack()
Button(itv,text="Relief Style:RIDGE",relief=RIDGE).pack()
Button(itv,text="Relief Style:SOLID",relief=SOLID).pack()

OUTPUT:

Focus Highlights

The highlight settings control how to indicate that the widget (or one of its children) has keyboard focus.
In most cases, the highlight region is a border outside the relief.
The following options control how this extra border is drawn:

o highlightcolor
This option is used to draw the highlight region when the widget has keyboard focus. It’s usually black, or some other distinct contrast color.

o highlightbackground
This option is used to draw the highlight region when the widget doesn’t have focus. It’s usually same as the widget background.

o highlightthickness
This option is the width of the highlight region, in pixels. It is usually one or two pixels for widgets that can take keyboard focus.

X Font Descriptors

X Font Descriptors are strings having the following format (the asterisks represent fields that are usually not relevant. For details, see the Tk documentation, or an X manual):

    -*-family-weight-slant-*--*-size-*-*-*-*-charset

The font family is typically something like Times, Helvetica, Courier or Symbol.
The weight is either Bold or Normal. Slant is either R for “roman” (normal), I for italic, or O for oblique (another word for italic).

Size is the height of the font in decipoints (that is, points multiplied by 10). There are usually 72 points per inch, but some low-resolution displays may use larger “logical” points to make sure that small fonts are still legible. The character set, finally, is usually ISO8859-1 (ISO Latin 1), but may have other values for some fonts.

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