Data Types Explained In Easy Way C Programming

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Data types explained in easy way C Programming

Data type allows us to create variables which store different types of data like integer, character, Boolean, float, double. Each data type has its own size.

Each variable has to be declared with some data type because data type decides which type of data variable will store and the size of variable.

Following are 3 types of data type:

Primary data type
1. int
2. float
3. double
4. char
5. void
Derived data type
1. array
2. reference
3. pointer
User define Data type
1. structure
2. union
3. enumeration

Data type can be signed or unsigned. Each date type has its own size, range and format specifier.

Size, Range and Format Specifier of data type

Data Type in C

Data Type	Size(Byte)	Range	Format Specifier
signed char	1	-128 to 127	%c
unsigned char	1	0 to 255	%c
short int	2	-32,768 to 32,767	%hd
unsigned short int	2	0 to 65,535	%hu
unsigned int	4	0 to 4,294,967,295	%u
int	4	-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647	%d
long int	8	-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647	%ld
unsigned long int	8	0 to 4,294,967,295	%lu
long long int	8	-(2^63) to (2^63)-1	%lld
unsigned long long int	8	0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615	%llu
double	8	2.3E-308 to 1.7E+308	%lf
long double	10	3.4E-4932 to 1.1E+4932	%Lf
float	4	1.2E-38 to 3.4E+38	%f

Following C program will help you to understand.

/*
Author : ITVoyagers (https://itvoyagers.in/)

Date :25th December 2018

Description : Programs to understand the basic data types and I/O.
*/

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
    int i;
    char c;
    float f;
    double d;
    char s[10]; //string

/********* Printing size of Datatypes **********/

    printf("size of number: %d n",sizeof(int));
    printf("size of character: %d n",sizeof(char));
    printf("size of float: %d n",sizeof(float));
    printf("size of double: %d n",sizeof(double));
    printf("size of string for this program: %d nn",sizeof(s));

/******** Accepting values from user *********/

    printf("Enter a number: ");
    scanf("%d",&i);
    printf("Enter a character: ");
    scanf(" %c",&c);
    printf("Enter a float: ");
    scanf("%f",&f);
    printf("Enter a double: ");
    scanf("%lf",&d);
    printf("Enter a string: ");
    scanf("%s",&s);

/******** Printing Accepted values *********/

    printf("nEntered number: %dn",i);
    printf("Entered character: %cn",c);
    printf("Entered float: %fn",f);
    printf("Entered double: %lfn",d);
    printf("Entered string: %s",s);
}

Output:

size of number: 4
size of character: 1
size of float: 4
size of double: 8
size of string for this program: 10

Enter a number: 5
Enter a character: v
Enter a float: 6.8
Enter a double: 6.655
Enter a string: ITVoyagers

Entered number: 5
Entered character: v
Entered float: 6.800000
Entered double: 6.655000
Entered string: ITVoyagers