Best Post To Learn Operators In C Part 2

Table of Contents

Operators in C

Operators are symbols which are use to perform operations on data, operations like arithmetic, assignment, unary, etc.

Operators helps us to manipulate, comparison, Calculate data in program. This help us to make decision and control the flow of program.

Following are the types of operators in C program.

Unary Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Relational Operators
Logical Operator
Ternary Operator
Assignment Operator
Bitwise Operator

All operators has their own precedence and associativity.

Ternary/ Conditional Operators

One line if-else..

As the name suggests conditional operator is use to check condition.

Ternary Operator as the name says it works on 3 operand.

Syntax:

Condition ? Statement_1 : Statement_2

Here condition is checked and if condition is valid(true) then conditional operator will run Statement_1 and if condition is invalid(false) then conditional will run Statement_2.

Ternary / Conditional operator “?:”

We can check condition statement or variable. If the value of variable in non-zero then it will execute Statement_1 or else it will execute Statement_2.

Syntax :

Condition ? Statement_1 : Statement_2

Example 1 :

int a = 8, b=3, c;

c = a > b ? 5 : 7; // If condition is true then store 5 in c or else store 7

printf(“Value stored in C is = %d”,c);

Output :

Value stored in C is = 5

Example 2 :

int a = 8, b=3, c;

c = a ? 5 : 7; // If the value of variable in non-zero then store 5 in c or else store 7

printf(“Value stored in C is = %d”,c);

Output :

Value stored in C is = 5

Assignment Operators

Assignment operator is use to assign values to variables.

We can also update value of a variable.

Assign “=”

Assigns the value to a variable.

Syntax :

operand = Value

Example :

int a = 8;

printf(“Value of a is = %d”,a);

Output :

Value of a is = 1

Add and assign “+=”

It will add value to variable’s value and stores back in same variable.

Syntax :

operand += Value

Example :

int a = 8;

a+=2; // It means a = a + 2

printf(“Value of a is = %d”,a);

Output :

Value of a is = 10

Subtract and assign “-=”

It will subtract value from variable’s value and stores back in same variable.

Syntax :

operand -= Value

Example :

int a = 8;

a-=2; // It means a = a – 2

printf(“Value of a is = %d”,a);

Output :

Value of a is = 6

Multiply and assign “*=”

It will multiply value with variable’s value and stores back in same variable.

Syntax :

operand *= Value

Example :

int a = 8;

a*=2; // It means a = a * 2

printf(“Value of a is = %d”,a);

Output :

Value of a is = 16

Divide and assign “/=”

It will divide variable’s value from mention value and stores back quotient in same variable.

Syntax :

operand /= Value

Example :

int a = 8;

a/=2; // It means a = a / 2

printf(“Value of a is = %d”,a);

Output :

Value of a is = 4

Not equal to “!=”

It will divide variable’s value from mention value and stores back remainder in same variable. In simple words it will perform modulo operation on variables value.

Syntax :

operand %= Value

Example :

int a = 8;

a%=3; // It means a = a % 3

printf(“Value of a is = %d”,a);

Output :

Value of a is = 2

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operations like finding one’s complement, shifting bits, AND, OR and XOR are performed using these operators.

One’s Complement “~”

It will returns one’s complement of value.

Syntax :

~operand

Example :

unsigned char a = 8;

printf(“%d”,~a);

Output :

-9

Left shift “<<“

It will shift all bits to left. We have specify number of positions we want to shift bits. When we shift all bits by one position then variable’s value will get double.

Syntax :

Operand<<Number_of_position;;

Example :

unsigned char a = 8; // a = 8 = 00001000

printf(“%d”,a<<1);

Output :

16 // a = 16 = 00010000

Right shift “>>”

It will shift all bits to right. We have specify number of positions we want to shift bits. When we shift all bits by one position then variable’s value will get divide by 2.

Syntax :

Operand>>Number_of_position;

Example :

unsigned char a = 8; // a = 8 = 00001000

printf(“%d”,a>>1);

Output :

4 // a = 4 = 00000100

Bitwise AND “&”

It will perform AND operation on two value and returns a result.

Syntax :

Operand_1 & Operand_2

Example :

// 8 = 00001000 & 9 = 00001001

unsigned char a = 8, b=9, c;

// 00001000 AND 00001001

printf(“%d”, a & b);

Output :

8 // c = 00001000

Bitwise OR “|”

It will perform OR operation on two value and returns a result.

Syntax :

Operand_1 | Operand_2

Example :

// 8 = 00001000 & 9 = 00001001

unsigned char a = 8, b=9, c;

// 00001000 OR 00001001

printf(“%d”, a | b);

Output :

8 // c = 00001001

Right shift “>>”

It will perform XOR operation on two value and returns a result.

Syntax :

Operand_1 ^ Operand_2

Example :

// 8 = 00001000 & 9 = 00001001

unsigned char a = 8, b=9, c;

// 00001000 OR 00001001

printf(“%d”, a ^ b);

Output :

1 // c = 00000001

Precedence and Associativity off Operators in C

Precedence	Operators	Description	Associativity
1	( ) [ ] . -> ++ —	Parentheses or Function call Bracket or Array subscript Dot or member selection operator Arrow operator Postfix increment/decrement	Left-To-Right
2	++ — + – ! ~ (type) * & sizeof	Prefix increment/Decrement Unary plus and minus NOT and Bitwise Complement Type cast Indirecion or dereference operator Address of operator Determine size in bytes	Right-To-Left
3	* / %	Multiplication, division and Modulus	Left-To-Right
4	+ –	Addition and Subtraction	Left-To-Right
5	>> <<	Bitwise Right shift and Bitwise Left Shift	Left-To-Right
6	< <= > >=	Relation less than/ less than equal to Relation greater than/greater than equal to	Left-To-Right
7	== !=	Relation equal to and not equal to	Left-To-Right
8	&	Bitwise AND	Left-To-Right
9	^	Bitwise XOR	Left-To-Right
10	\|	Bitwise OR	Left-To-Right
11	&&	Logical AND	Left-To-Right
12	\|\|	Logical OR	Left-To-Right
13	? :	Ternary/Conditional operator	Right-To-Left
14	= += -= *= /= %= &= ^= \|= >>= <<=	Assignment operator Addition and Subtraction assignment Multiplication and Division assignment Modulus and Division assignment Bitwise XOR and OR assignment Bitwise Right and Left shift assignment	Right-To-Left
15	,	Comma operator	Left-To-Right