Dimensions, Anchors, Bitmaps and Cursors are standard attributes and properties of widgets in tkinter.
There are few other standard attributes and properties of widgets explained earlier like:
Fonts
Colours
Relief Styles
Refer post :
Fonts Names, Font Descriptors, System Fonts, Text formatting, Borders, Relief Styles in Python
Events and Bindings in Python along with Widget configuration and styling
Dimensions
A widget will have length, height, width and other dimensions.
This dimensions will have different units.
If dimension is having numeric value it is considered to be in pixels.
- c : centimeters
- i : inches
- m : millimeters
- p : Printer’s points (about 1/72″)
Various options of length
- borderwidth : It specifies the width of the border which gives a three-dimensional look to the widget
- height : It specifies the required height for a widget and it must be greater than or equal to 1.
- highlightthickness : It specifies the width of the highlight rectangle when the widget has focus.
- padx pady : padx is used for external padding in X direction / horizontal padding. pady is used for external padding in Y direction / vertical padding.
- selectborderwidth : It specifies the width of the three-dimentional border around selected items of the widget.
- underline : Index of the character to underline in the widget’s text i.e. 0 index indicates the first character.
- width : It specifies the required width for a widget
- wraplength : It specifies maximum line length for widgets that perform word wrapping.
Anchors
A widget will have to be placed at certain position on the screen relative to the reference point.
Values possible for anchor attribute
| NW | N | NE |
| W | CENTER | E |
| SW | S | SE |
- If you use CENTER as a text anchor, the text will be centered horizontally and vertically around the reference point.
- Anchor NW will position the text so that the reference point coincides with the northwest (top left) corner of the box containing the text.
- Anchor W will center the text vertically around the reference point, with the left edge of the text box passing through that point, and so on.
- If you create a small widget inside a large frame and use the anchor=SE option, the widget will be placed in the bottom right corner of the frame.
- If you used anchor=N instead, the widget would be centered along the top edge.
Example
""" Author : ITVoyagers (itvoyagers.in) Date : 9th April 2020 Description : Program to show use of anchor attribute """ from tkinter import * top = Tk() L1 = Label(top, text = "ITVoyagers in NW",height=10,width=20,bd=2,anchor=NW,font="verdana",fg="white",bg="purple") L1.grid(row=0,column=0) L2 = Label(top,text = "ITVoyagers in W",height=10,width=20,bd=2,anchor=W,font="verdana",fg="pink",bg="black") L2.grid(row=1,column=0) L3 = Label(top,text = "ITVoyagers in SW",height=10,width=20,bd=2,anchor=SW,font="verdana",fg="white",bg="purple") L3.grid(row=2,column=0) L4 = Label(top, text = "ITVoyagers in N",height=10,width=20,bd=2,anchor=N,font="verdana",fg="pink",bg="black") L4.grid(row=0,column=1) L5 = Label(top,text = "ITVoyagers in CENTER",height=10,width=20,bd=2,anchor=CENTER,font="verdana",fg="white",bg="purple") L5.grid(row=1,column=1) L6 = Label(top,text = "ITVoyagers in S",height=10,width=20,bd=2,anchor=S,font="verdana",fg="pink",bg="black") L6.grid(row=2,column=1) L7 = Label(top, text = "ITVoyagers in NE",height=10,width=20,bd=2,anchor=NE,font="verdana",fg="white",bg="purple") L7.grid(row=0,column=2) L8 = Label(top,text = "ITVoyagers in E",height=10,width=20,bd=2,anchor=E,font="verdana",fg="pink",bg="black") L8.grid(row=1,column=2) L9 = Label(top,text = "ITVoyagers in SE",height=10,width=20,bd=2,anchor=SE,font="verdana",fg="white",bg="purple") L9.grid(row=2,column=2)
OUTPUT
Bitmaps
Bitmap attribute is used to display various bitmaps.
There are following type of bitmaps available −
“error”
“gray75”
“gray50”
“gray25”
“gray12”
“hourglass”
“info”
“questhead”
“question”
“warning”
Example
""" Author : ITVoyagers (itvoyagers.in) Date : 9th April 2020 Description : Program to show use of bitmap attribute """ from tkinter import * root=Tk() Label(root,text="hourglass",font="verdana",fg="blue").pack() Button(root,relief= RAISED,bitmap="hourglass",bg="white").pack() Label(root,text="error",font="verdana",fg="blue").pack() Button(root,relief= RAISED,bitmap="error",bg="red").pack() Label(root,text="question",font="verdana",fg="blue").pack() Button(root,relief= RAISED,bitmap="question",bg="pink").pack() Label(root,text="questhead",font="verdana",fg="blue").pack() Button(root,relief= RAISED,bitmap="questhead",bg="sky blue").pack() Label(root,text="warning",font="verdana",fg="blue").pack() Button(root,relief= RAISED,bitmap="warning",bg="yellow").pack() Label(root,text="info",font="verdana",fg="blue").pack() Button(root,relief= RAISED,bitmap="info",bg="cyan").pack() Label(root,text="gray12",font="verdana",fg="blue").pack() Button(root,relief= RAISED,bitmap="gray12",bg="blue").pack() Label(root,text="gray25",font="verdana",fg="blue").pack() Button(root,relief= RAISED,bitmap="gray25",bg="magenta").pack() Label(root,text="gray50",font="verdana",fg="blue").pack() Button(root,relief= RAISED,bitmap="gray50",bg="orange").pack() Label(root,text="gray75",font="verdana",fg="blue").pack() Button(root,relief= RAISED,bitmap="gray75",bg="white").pack()
OUTPUT
Cursors
cursors are used to display mouse pointer on the screen
There are following type of cursors available −
“arrow”
“circle”
“clock”
“cross”
“dotbox”
“exchange”
“fleur”
“heart”
“man”
“mouse”
“pirate”
“plus”
“shuttle”
“sizing”
“spider”
“spraycan”
“star”
“target”
“tcross”
“trek”
“watch”
Example
""" Author : ITVoyagers (itvoyagers.in) Date : 9th April 2020 Description : Program to show use of cursor attribute """ from tkinter import * root=Tk() Button(root,text="big circle",cursor="circle",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="plus",cursor="plus",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="cross",cursor="cross",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="heart",cursor="heart",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="watch",cursor="watch",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="mouse",cursor="mouse",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="spider",cursor="spider",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="shuttle",cursor="shuttle",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="star",cursor="star",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="pirate",cursor="pirate",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="arrow",cursor="arrow",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="target",cursor="target",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="tcross",cursor="tcross",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="dotbox",cursor="dotbox",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="fleur",cursor="fleur",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="spraycan",cursor="spraycan",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="trek",cursor="trek",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="exchange",cursor="exchange",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="sizing",cursor="sizing",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="man",cursor="man",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack() Button(root,text="clock",cursor="clock",relief=RAISED,fg="blue").pack()
OUTPUT
You can also check following posts to know more about tkinter and GUI
- What is tkinter?
- Layout / Geometry Manager in Python
- GUI programming in Python and Python GUI Library
- Events and Bindings in Python along with Widget configuration and styling
- Fonts Names, Font Descriptors, System Fonts, Text formatting, Borders, Relief Styles in Python
- Canvas widget of tkinter module – Python
- Widgets in tkinter module – Python
- Label, Text, Entry & Message Widget in Python
- Best post on Menu and Menubutton Widget of tkinter
- Best post on Button, Checkbutton & Radiobutton Widget in Python
- Best post- Listbox and Scrollbar(Slider) Widget-Python
- Best post on Frame Widget of tkinter in Python
- Best post on Spinbox and Scale Widget in Python
- Best post: message box widget and its methods